""" QGIS 环境检测与子进程配置模块。 主进程运行在 Python 3.10,无法直接加载 QGIS 的 Python 3.12 C 扩展。 所有 QGIS 操作通过 subprocess 调用 QGIS Python 3.12 执行。 本模块提供: - get_qgis_python_path(): 检测 QGIS Python 3.12 解释器路径 - build_qgis_subprocess_env(): 构建子进程完整环境变量(替代 bat 包装器) - is_qgis_available(): 检查 QGIS 是否可用 - get_runner_script(): 获取 qgis_runner.py 的路径 """ import os from pathlib import Path from app.config.paths import get_logger logger = get_logger("qgis.env") def get_qgis_python_path(qgis_root: str = None) -> str | None: """ 检测 QGIS 自带的 Python 3.12 解释器路径。 Windows: {QGIS_ROOT}/apps/Python312/python3.exe Returns: 解释器绝对路径,不存在则返回 None """ if qgis_root is None: qgis_root = _detect_qgis_root() if qgis_root is None: return None import platform if platform.system() == "Windows": for name in ("python3.exe", "python.exe"): candidate = os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "Python312", name) if os.path.isfile(candidate): logger.info(f"检测到 QGIS Python: {candidate}") return candidate logger.warning(f"未找到 QGIS Python 3.12") return None else: import shutil # 优先检查环境变量 env_python = os.environ.get("QGIS_PYTHON_PATH") if env_python and os.path.isfile(env_python): logger.info(f"QGIS_PYTHON_PATH 指定: {env_python}") return env_python # 搜索标准 Linux QGIS 安装路径 linux_paths = [ "/usr/bin/qgis", # Ubuntu/Debian apt 安装 "/usr/bin/qgis.bin", "/opt/QGIS/apps/Python312/bin/python3", # 独立安装器 "/opt/QGIS/apps/Python3/bin/python3", "/usr/libexec/qgis/python3", # Fedora/RHEL ] for candidate in linux_paths: if os.path.isfile(candidate): logger.info(f"检测到 QGIS 可执行文件: {candidate}") return candidate # 回退到系统 Python(如果 qgis.core 可导入) sys_python = shutil.which("python3") or shutil.which("python") if sys_python: logger.info(f"Linux 环境,使用系统 Python: {sys_python}") return sys_python return None def build_qgis_subprocess_env(qgis_root: str = None) -> dict: """ 构建 QGIS Python 3.12 子进程的完整环境变量(替代 bat 包装器)。 策略: 1. 从 os.environ 继承,移除 venv 污染(PYTHONPATH/VIRTUAL_ENV 等) 2. 将 QGIS 的 bin 目录前置到 PATH(Qt5→qgis→gdal 顺序,与原 bat 一致) 3. 设置 PYTHONPATH / QGIS_PREFIX_PATH / QT_PLUGIN_PATH / GDAL_DATA / PROJ_DATA 4. 子进程 _setup_environment() 负责 os.add_dll_directory + ctypes 预加载 """ import platform # 继承当前环境,清理 venv 污染 env = dict(os.environ) venv_root = env.get("VIRTUAL_ENV", "").lower() for key in ( "PYTHONPATH", "PYTHONHOME", "VIRTUAL_ENV", "PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE", ): env.pop(key, None) if venv_root: path_parts = env.get("PATH", "").split(";") clean = [] for p in path_parts: if not p or venv_root in p.lower(): continue clean.append(p) env["PATH"] = ";".join(clean) # 检测 QGIS 安装路径 if qgis_root is None: qgis_root = _detect_qgis_root() or "D:/QGIS" env["QGIS_ROOT"] = qgis_root if platform.system() != "Windows": return env qgis_app_dir = os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "qgis-ltr") if not os.path.isdir(qgis_app_dir): qgis_app_dir = os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "qgis") if not os.path.isdir(qgis_app_dir): raise RuntimeError( f"未找到 QGIS 应用目录: {qgis_root}\\apps\\qgis-ltr 或 qgis" ) # 前置 QGIS bin 目录到 PATH(Qt5 必须在最前面,QGIS 依赖它) qgis_bin = os.path.join(qgis_app_dir, "bin") qt5_bin = os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "Qt5", "bin") gdal_lib = os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "gdal", "lib") qt5_plugins = os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "Qt5", "plugins") qtplugins = os.path.join(qgis_app_dir, "qtplugins") qgis_python_dir = os.path.join(qgis_app_dir, "python") env["PATH"] = f"{qt5_bin};{qgis_bin};{gdal_lib};{env.get('PATH', '')}" # QGIS 核心环境变量(与 bat 包装器保持一致) env["PYTHONPATH"] = qgis_python_dir env["QGIS_PREFIX_PATH"] = qgis_app_dir env["QT_PLUGIN_PATH"] = f"{qtplugins};{qt5_plugins}" # GDAL / PROJ 数据目录(避免系统旧版 proj.db 干扰) gdal_data = os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "gdal", "share", "gdal") if os.path.isdir(gdal_data): env["GDAL_DATA"] = gdal_data for pd in ( os.path.join(qgis_app_dir, "share", "proj"), os.path.join(qgis_root, "share", "proj"), os.path.join(qgis_root, "apps", "gdal", "share", "proj"), ): if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(pd, "proj.db")): env["PROJ_DATA"] = pd break # UTF-8 / GDAL 编码辅助变量 env["PYTHONUTF8"] = "1" env["GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8"] = "YES" env["VSI_CACHE"] = "TRUE" env["VSI_CACHE_SIZE"] = "1000000" logger.debug( f"QGIS subprocess env built: root={qgis_root}, app={qgis_app_dir}, " f"PATH prefixed with qgis_bin/qt5_bin/gdal_lib" ) return env def is_qgis_available(qgis_root: str = None) -> bool: """检查 QGIS 环境是否可用""" return get_qgis_python_path(qgis_root) is not None def get_runner_script() -> str: """获取 qgis_runner.py 的绝对路径""" return str(Path(__file__).parent / "qgis_runner.py") def _detect_qgis_root() -> str | None: """ 自动检测 QGIS 安装根目录。 优先级: 1. 环境变量 QGIS_ROOT 2. Windows 默认路径 D:/QGIS 3. Linux 常见路径 """ env_root = os.environ.get("QGIS_ROOT") if env_root and os.path.isdir(env_root): return env_root import platform if platform.system() == "Windows": for candidate in ["D:/QGIS", "C:/OSGeo4W", "C:/QGIS"]: if os.path.isdir(candidate): logger.info(f"检测到 QGIS 根目录: {candidate}") return candidate else: for candidate in ["/usr", "/opt/QGIS", "/home/QGIS"]: if os.path.isdir(candidate): logger.info(f"检测到 QGIS 根目录: {candidate}") return candidate logger.warning("未检测到 QGIS 安装目录") return None