修改降雨逻辑

app/api/rainfall.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ async def get_rainfall_grid(request: RainfallGridRequest):
     返回适合Cesium渲染的GeoJSON格式数据。
     
     Args:
-        request: 包含时间和分辨率的请求
+        request: 包含时间、分辨率和持续时间的请求
         
     Returns:
         GeoJSON格式的栅格数据
@@ -44,10 +44,15 @@ async def get_rainfall_grid(request: RainfallGridRequest):
         now = datetime.now()
         query_time = datetime.fromisoformat(request.time) if request.time else now
         
-        # 调用服务层生成栅格（自动查询前12小时数据）
+        # 验证duration参数
+        if request.duration not in [12, 24]:
+            raise ValueError("duration参数必须为12或24")
+        
+        # 调用服务层生成栅格（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
         geojson_data = rainfall_service.generate_rainfall_grid(
             query_time=query_time,
-            resolution=request.resolution
+            resolution=request.resolution,
+            duration=request.duration
         )
         
         if not geojson_data:
@@ -75,13 +80,15 @@ async def get_rainfall_grid(request: RainfallGridRequest):
 
 @router.get("/stations", response_model=StationsResponse, summary="获取雨量站点数据")
 async def get_rainfall_stations(
-    time: str = Query(..., description="查询时间 ISO格式（自动查询前12小时数据）")
+    time: str = Query(..., description="查询时间 ISO格式（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）"),
+    duration: int = Query(12, description="持续时间（小时），可选12或24", ge=12, le=24)
 ):
     """
     获取指定时间的雨量站点原始数据
     
     Args:
         time: 查询时间
+        duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
         
     Returns:
         站点列表，包含经纬度和降雨量
@@ -89,9 +96,10 @@ async def get_rainfall_stations(
     try:
         query_time = datetime.fromisoformat(time)
         
-        # 调用服务层获取站点数据（自动查询前12小时数据）
+        # 调用服务层获取站点数据（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
         stations = rainfall_service.get_stations_data(
-            query_time=query_time
+            query_time=query_time,
+            duration=duration
         )
         
         return StationsResponse(
@@ -112,7 +120,8 @@ async def get_rainfall_stations(
 async def get_rainfall_at_point(
     longitude: float,
     latitude: float,
-    time: Optional[str] = None
+    time: Optional[str] = None,
+    duration: int = Query(12, description="持续时间（小时），可选12或24", ge=12, le=24)
 ):
     """
     查询指定经纬度位置的降雨量
@@ -120,7 +129,8 @@ async def get_rainfall_at_point(
     Args:
         longitude: 经度
         latitude: 纬度
-        time: 查询时间（可选，默认当前时间，自动查询前12小时数据）
+        time: 查询时间（可选，默认当前时间，自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
+        duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
         
     Returns:
         该点位的降雨量信息
@@ -132,12 +142,17 @@ async def get_rainfall_at_point(
         now = datetime.now()
         query_time = datetime.fromisoformat(time) if time else now
         
-        # 调用服务层查询（自动查询前12小时数据）
+        # 验证duration参数
+        if duration not in [12, 24]:
+            raise ValueError("duration参数必须为12或24")
+        
+        # 调用服务层查询（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
         service = RainfallService()
         rainfall_info = service.get_rainfall_at_point(
             longitude=longitude,
             latitude=latitude,
-            query_time=query_time
+            query_time=query_time,
+            duration=duration
         )
         
         if not rainfall_info:

app/repositories/rainfall_repository.py

@@ -15,30 +15,31 @@ class RainfallRepository:
     
     @staticmethod
     def query_stations_rainfall(
-        query_time: datetime
+        query_time: datetime,
+        duration: int = 12
     ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
-        查询指定时间的站点降雨数据（自动查询前12小时）
+        查询指定时间的站点降雨数据（自动查询前12小时或24小时）
         
         Args:
             query_time: 查询时间
+            duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
             
         Returns:
             站点降雨数据列表
         """
-        sql = """
+        sql = f"""
         SELECT 
-            m.lon, 
-            m.lat, 
-            SUM(m.rainfall_1h::numeric) AS rainfall
-        FROM xian_meteorology m
-        WHERE m.datetime BETWEEN (
-            to_char(timestamp :query_time - interval '12 hours', 'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS')
+            lon, 
+            lat, 
+            SUM(rainfall_1h::numeric) AS rainfall
+        FROM xian_meteorology
+        WHERE datetime BETWEEN (
+            to_char(timestamp :query_time - interval '{duration} hours', 'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS')
         )::bigint AND (
             to_char(timestamp :query_time, 'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS')
         )::bigint
-        GROUP BY m.lon, m.lat
-        ORDER BY rainfall DESC
+        GROUP BY lon, lat
         """
         
         params = {
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class RainfallRepository:
         
         try:
             result = db_manager.execute_raw_sql(sql, params)
-            logger.info(f"查询到 {len(result)} 个站点数据")
+            logger.info(f"查询到 {len(result)} 个站点数据（{duration}小时）")
             return result
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"查询站点降雨数据失败: {e}")

app/schemas/rainfall.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class RainfallGridRequest(BaseModel):
     time: Optional[str] = Field(
         None, 
         alias="time",
-        description="查询时间 ISO格式，默认为当前时间（自动查询前12小时数据）", 
+        description="查询时间 ISO格式，默认为当前时间（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）", 
         example="2024-01-01T12:00:00"
     )
     resolution: float = Field(
@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@ class RainfallGridRequest(BaseModel):
         gt=0, 
         le=0.1
     )
+    duration: int = Field(
+        12, 
+        alias="duration",
+        description="持续时间（小时），可选12或24", 
+        ge=12, 
+        le=24
+    )
     
     class Config:
         populate_by_name = True  # 允许同时使用字段名和别名

app/services/rainfall_service.py

@@ -15,6 +15,117 @@ logger = setup_logging()
 class InterpolationService:
     """插值服务类"""
     
+    @staticmethod
+    def _create_buffer_points(
+        points_array: np.ndarray
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        创建缓冲点：在原始站点外围生成虚拟点以扩展插值区域
+        
+        Args:
+            points_array: 原始站点坐标数组
+            
+        Returns:
+            缓冲点坐标数组
+        """
+        # 计算站点分布的中心
+        center = np.mean(points_array, axis=0)
+        
+        # 计算站点到中心的最大距离
+        distances_from_center = np.sqrt(np.sum((points_array - center) ** 2, axis=1))
+        np.max(distances_from_center)
+        
+        # 在站点外围生成缓冲点（沿着各个方向扩展）
+        buffer_points = []
+        num_angles = 360  # 每隔1度生成一个缓冲点
+        
+        for angle_deg in range(0, 360, 360 // num_angles):
+            angle_rad = np.radians(angle_deg)
+            # 在凸包边界外扩展
+            for scale in [1.05, 1.1, 1.15]:
+                # 找到该方向上最远的站点
+                direction = np.array([np.cos(angle_rad), np.sin(angle_rad)])
+                projections = points_array @ direction
+                max_idx = np.argmax(projections)
+                
+                # 在该方向上扩展
+                base_point = points_array[max_idx]
+                buffer_point = center + (base_point - center) * scale
+                buffer_points.append(buffer_point)
+        
+        return np.array(buffer_points)
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def gaussian_smoothing(
+        grid_data: np.ndarray,
+        sigma: float = 1.5
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        高斯平滑滤波，减少边缘突变
+        
+        Args:
+            grid_data: 栅格数据
+            sigma: 高斯核标准差
+            
+        Returns:
+            平滑后的栅格数据
+        """
+        from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
+        
+        # 只对有效数据进行平滑
+        valid_mask = ~np.isnan(grid_data)
+        if not np.any(valid_mask):
+            return grid_data
+        
+        # 填充NaN值以便平滑
+        filled_data = grid_data.copy()
+        mean_val = np.nanmean(grid_data)
+        filled_data[~valid_mask] = mean_val
+        
+        # 应用高斯滤波
+        smoothed = gaussian_filter(filled_data, sigma=sigma)
+        
+        # 恢复原始NaN区域
+        result = np.where(valid_mask, smoothed, np.nan)
+        
+        return result
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def calculate_adaptive_max_distance(
+        points_array: np.ndarray,
+        base_distance: float = 0.3,
+        min_distance: float = 0.15,
+        max_distance: float = 0.5
+    ) -> float:
+        """
+        根据站点密度自适应计算最大影响距离
+        
+        Args:
+            points_array: 站点坐标数组
+            base_distance: 基础距离
+            min_distance: 最小距离
+            max_distance: 最大距离
+            
+        Returns:
+            自适应的最大影响距离
+        """
+        if len(points_array) < 3:
+            return base_distance
+        
+        # 计算站点间的平均距离
+        from scipy.spatial import distance_matrix
+        dist_matrix = distance_matrix(points_array, points_array)
+        
+        # 排除对角线（自身距离为0）
+        np.fill_diagonal(dist_matrix, np.inf)
+        avg_distance = np.mean(np.min(dist_matrix, axis=1))
+        
+        # 根据平均距离调整max_distance
+        adaptive_distance = avg_distance * 3  # 约3倍平均站点间距
+        
+        # 限制在合理范围内
+        return np.clip(adaptive_distance, min_distance, max_distance)
+    
     @staticmethod
     def inverse_distance_weighting(
         points: List[Tuple[float, float]],
@@ -22,20 +133,29 @@ class InterpolationService:
         grid_lon: np.ndarray,
         grid_lat: np.ndarray,
         power: float = 2.0,
-        max_distance: float = 0.5,
-        edge_buffer: float = 0.15
+        max_distance: float = None,
+        use_adaptive_distance: bool = True,
+        apply_smoothing: bool = True,
+        smoothing_sigma: float = 1.0
     ) -> np.ndarray:
         """
-        反距离权重插值 (IDW) - 向量化优化版本
+        反距离权重插值 (IDW) - 优化版本
+        改进：
+        1. 高斯核衰减替代简单幂律
+        2. 自适应距离阈值
+        3. 边缘渐变处理
+        4. 高斯平滑减少突变
         
         Args:
             points: 已知点坐标 [(lon, lat), ...]
             values: 已知点的值 [rainfall, ...]
             grid_lon: 网格经度数组
             grid_lat: 网格纬度数组
-            power: 距离幂次
-            max_distance: 最大影响距离（度），超出此距离的点不参与插值
-            edge_buffer: 边缘缓冲距离，站点外围扩展此距离再计算凸包
+            power: 距离幂次（基础值）
+            max_distance: 最大影响距离（度），None则自适应计算
+            use_adaptive_distance: 是否使用自适应距离
+            apply_smoothing: 是否应用平滑
+            smoothing_sigma: 平滑强度
             
         Returns:
             插值后的栅格数据，无效区域为 NaN
@@ -47,14 +167,26 @@ class InterpolationService:
         lon_grid, lat_grid = np.meshgrid(grid_lon, grid_lat)
         result = np.full_like(lon_grid, np.nan)
         
+        # 自适应计算最大距离
+        if use_adaptive_distance or max_distance is None:
+            actual_max_distance = InterpolationService.calculate_adaptive_max_distance(
+                points_array
+            )
+            if max_distance is not None:
+                actual_max_distance = min(actual_max_distance, max_distance)
+        else:
+            actual_max_distance = max_distance
+        
+        logger.info(f"使用最大影响距离: {actual_max_distance:.3f} 度")
+        
         # 计算站点的凸包（带边缘缓冲）
         hull_mask = None
+        confidence_mask = None  # 置信度掩码
         if len(points_array) >= 3:
             try:
                 # 创建缓冲站点：在原始站点外围添加虚拟点
                 buffer_points = InterpolationService._create_buffer_points(
-                    points_array, 
-                    buffer_distance=edge_buffer
+                    points_array
                 )
                 
                 # 合并原始站点和缓冲站点
@@ -67,23 +199,40 @@ class InterpolationService:
                 
                 # 向量化判断所有网格点是否在凸包内
                 grid_points = np.column_stack([lon_grid.ravel(), lat_grid.ravel()])
-                hull_mask = tri.find_simplex(grid_points) >= 0
+                hull_indices = tri.find_simplex(grid_points)
+                hull_mask = hull_indices >= 0
                 hull_mask = hull_mask.reshape(lon_grid.shape)
-            except:
+                
+                # 计算置信度：基于到最近站点的距离
+                # 在凸包内但远离站点的区域降低置信度
+                from scipy.spatial import distance_matrix
+                grid_valid = grid_points[hull_mask.ravel()]
+                if len(grid_valid) > 0:
+                    dist_to_stations = distance_matrix(grid_valid, points_array)
+                    min_distances = np.min(dist_to_stations, axis=1)
+                    
+                    # 创建置信度掩码（距离越远，置信度越低）
+                    confidence = np.ones(len(grid_points))
+                    confidence[hull_mask.ravel()] = np.exp(-min_distances / actual_max_distance)
+                    confidence_mask = confidence.reshape(lon_grid.shape)
+                else:
+                    confidence_mask = np.ones_like(lon_grid)
+                    
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"凸包计算失败: {e}，使用全区域插值")
                 hull_mask = np.ones_like(lon_grid, dtype=bool)
+                confidence_mask = np.ones_like(lon_grid)
         else:
             hull_mask = np.ones_like(lon_grid, dtype=bool)
+            confidence_mask = np.ones_like(lon_grid)
         
         # 向量化计算所有网格点到所有站点的距离
-        # grid_lon shape: (num_lat, num_lon)
-        # points_array[:, 0] shape: (num_stations,)
-        # 使用广播机制
         lon_diff = lon_grid[:, :, np.newaxis] - points_array[np.newaxis, np.newaxis, :, 0]
         lat_diff = lat_grid[:, :, np.newaxis] - points_array[np.newaxis, np.newaxis, :, 1]
         distances = np.sqrt(lon_diff**2 + lat_diff**2)
         
         # 过滤超出最大距离的站点
-        valid_mask = distances <= max_distance
+        valid_mask = distances <= actual_max_distance
         
         # 对于每个网格点，检查是否有有效站点
         has_valid_stations = np.any(valid_mask, axis=2)
@@ -95,46 +244,79 @@ class InterpolationService:
         distances = np.where(valid_mask, distances, np.inf)
         distances = np.maximum(distances, 1e-10)
         
-        # IDW权重计算
-        weights = 1.0 / (distances ** power)
+        # 优化的权重计算：结合幂律和高斯衰减
+        # 近处使用幂律，远处使用高斯衰减使过渡更平滑
+        power_weights = 1.0 / (distances ** power)
+        gaussian_weights = np.exp(-0.5 * (distances / (actual_max_distance * 0.5)) ** 2)
+        
+        # 混合权重：距离越远，高斯权重占比越大
+        distance_ratio = distances / actual_max_distance
+        mix_factor = np.clip(distance_ratio, 0, 1)
+        weights = (1 - mix_factor) * power_weights + mix_factor * gaussian_weights
+        
         weights = np.where(valid_mask, weights, 0)
         
         # 加权平均
         weighted_sum = np.sum(weights * values_array[np.newaxis, np.newaxis, :], axis=2)
         weight_total = np.sum(weights, axis=2)
         
-        # 计算最终结果
+        # 计算基础插值结果（使用 errstate 忽略预期的除零警告，np.where 已安全过滤）
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
             result = np.where(
                 final_mask & (weight_total > 0),
                 weighted_sum / weight_total,
                 np.nan
             )
         
+        # 应用置信度调整：边缘区域向邻近值渐变
+        if confidence_mask is not None:
+            # 计算全局平均降雨量作为边缘区域的基准
+            valid_rainfall = result[final_mask]
+            if len(valid_rainfall) > 0:
+                mean_rainfall = np.mean(valid_rainfall)
+                # 边缘区域向平均值渐变
+                result = np.where(
+                    final_mask,
+                    result,
+                    np.nan
+                )
+                # 根据置信度调整结果，低置信度区域向均值靠拢
+                adjusted_result = result * confidence_mask + mean_rainfall * (1 - confidence_mask)
+                result = np.where(final_mask, adjusted_result, np.nan)
+        
+        # 应用高斯平滑减少边缘突变
+        if apply_smoothing:
+            result = InterpolationService.gaussian_smoothing(result, sigma=smoothing_sigma)
+        
         return result
     
     @staticmethod
-    def get_rainfall_color(rainfall: float) -> str:
+    def get_rainfall_color(rainfall: float, duration: int = 12) -> str:
         """
-        根据降雨量获取颜色（蓝色渐变）
+        根据降雨量获取颜色（按照国标）
         
         Args:
             rainfall: 降雨量(mm)
+            duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
             
         Returns:
             颜色字符串 "rgba(r,g,b,a)"
         """
+        # 国标降雨等级颜色映射
         if rainfall < 0.1:
-            return "rgba(200,200,200,0)"  # 透明 - 无雨
-        elif rainfall < 10:
-            return "rgba(173,216,230,0.5)"     # 浅蓝 - 小雨
-        elif rainfall < 25:
-            return "rgba(100,149,237,0.6)"     # 矢车菊蓝 - 中雨
-        elif rainfall < 50:
-            return "rgba(30,144,255,0.7)"      # 道奇蓝 - 大雨
-        elif rainfall < 100:
-            return "rgba(0,0,205,0.8)"         # 中蓝 - 暴雨
+            return "rgba(200,200,200,0)"  # 透明 - 微量降雨（零星小雨）
+        elif rainfall < 10 if duration == 12 else 9.9:
+            return "rgba(0,0,255,0.4)"      # 浅蓝 - 小雨
+        elif rainfall < 15 if duration == 12 else 25:
+            return "rgba(0,255,255,0.5)"    # 青色 - 中雨
+        elif rainfall < 30 if duration == 12 else 50:
+            return "rgba(0,255,0,0.6)"      # 绿色 - 大雨
+        elif rainfall < 70 if duration == 12 else 100:
+            return "rgba(255,255,0,0.7)"    # 黄色 - 暴雨
+        elif rainfall < 140 if duration == 12 else 250:
+            return "rgba(255,165,0,0.8)"    # 橙色 - 大暴雨
         else:
-            return "rgba(0,0,139,0.9)"         # 深蓝 - 大暴雨
+            return "rgba(255,0,0,0.9)"      # 红色 - 特大暴雨
 
 
 class GeoJSONService:
@@ -145,7 +327,8 @@ class GeoJSONService:
         grid_metadata: Dict[str, Any],
         rainfall_array: np.ndarray,
         grid_lon: np.ndarray,
-        grid_lat: np.ndarray
+        grid_lat: np.ndarray,
+        duration: int = 12
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
         创建GeoJSON FeatureCollection用于Cesium渲染
@@ -155,6 +338,7 @@ class GeoJSONService:
             rainfall_array: 降雨量数组
             grid_lon: 经度网格
             grid_lat: 纬度网格
+            duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
             
         Returns:
             GeoJSON格式的FeatureCollection
@@ -190,7 +374,8 @@ class GeoJSONService:
                     },
                     "properties": {
                         "rainfall": round(rainfall_value, 2),
-                        "color": InterpolationService.get_rainfall_color(rainfall_value)
+                        "level": RainfallService._get_rainfall_level(rainfall_value, duration),
+                        "color": InterpolationService.get_rainfall_color(rainfall_value, duration)
                     }
                 }
                 features.append(feature)
@@ -221,38 +406,42 @@ class RainfallService:
     
     def get_stations_data(
         self,
-        query_time: datetime
+        query_time: datetime,
+        duration: int = 12
     ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         获取站点降雨数据
         
         Args:
-            query_time: 查询时间（自动查询前12小时数据）
+            query_time: 查询时间（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
+            duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
             
         Returns:
             站点数据列表
         """
-        return self.repository.query_stations_rainfall(query_time)
+        return self.repository.query_stations_rainfall(query_time, duration)
     
     def generate_rainfall_grid(
         self,
         query_time: datetime,
-        resolution: float = 0.01
+        resolution: float = 0.01,
+        duration: int = 12
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
         生成降雨栅格数据
         
         Args:
-            query_time: 查询时间（自动查询前12小时数据）
+            query_time: 查询时间（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
             resolution: 栅格分辨率
+            duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
             
         Returns:
             GeoJSON格式的栅格数据
         """
-        logger.info(f"查询降雨数据: {query_time}")
+        logger.info(f"查询降雨数据: {query_time}, 持续时间: {duration}小时")
         
-        # 查询站点数据（自动查询前12小时数据）
-        stations_data = self.get_stations_data(query_time)
+        # 查询站点数据（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
+        stations_data = self.get_stations_data(query_time, duration)
         
         if not stations_data:
             return None
@@ -267,9 +456,9 @@ class RainfallService:
         points = [(row['lon'], row['lat']) for row in valid_stations]
         values = [float(row['rainfall']) for row in valid_stations]
         
-        # 确定栅格范围（西安大致范围）
-        lon_min, lon_max = 107.5, 109.5
-        lat_min, lat_max = 33.5, 34.5
+        # 确定栅格范围
+        lon_min, lon_max = 107, 110
+        lat_min, lat_max = 33, 35
         
         # 创建栅格网格
         num_lon = int((lon_max - lon_min) / resolution) + 1
@@ -280,14 +469,17 @@ class RainfallService:
         
         logger.info(f"生成栅格: {num_lon}x{num_lat}, 分辨率: {resolution}")
         
-        # 执行IDW插值（带凸包裁剪和距离阈值）
+        # 执行IDW插值（优化版本：自适应距离、混合权重、平滑处理）
         rainfall_grid = self.interpolation_service.inverse_distance_weighting(
             points=points,
             values=values,
             grid_lon=grid_lon,
             grid_lat=grid_lat,
             power=2.0,
-            max_distance=0.3  # 最大影响距离0.3度（约30公里）
+            max_distance=0.35,  # 最大影响距离0.35度（约35公里）
+            use_adaptive_distance=True,  # 启用自适应距离
+            apply_smoothing=True,  # 启用平滑处理
+            smoothing_sigma=1.2  # 平滑强度
         )
         
         # 创建栅格元数据
@@ -300,7 +492,7 @@ class RainfallService:
         
         # 转换为GeoJSON格式
         geojson_data = self.geojson_service.create_feature_collection(
-            grid_metadata, rainfall_grid, grid_lon, grid_lat
+            grid_metadata, rainfall_grid, grid_lon, grid_lat, duration
         )
         
         logger.info("降雨栅格数据生成成功")
@@ -311,7 +503,8 @@ class RainfallService:
         self,
         longitude: float,
         latitude: float,
-        query_time: datetime
+        query_time: datetime,
+        duration: int = 12
     ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         查询指定点位的降雨量（使用IDW插值）
@@ -319,13 +512,14 @@ class RainfallService:
         Args:
             longitude: 经度
             latitude: 纬度
-            query_time: 查询时间（自动查询前12小时数据）
+            query_time: 查询时间（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
+            duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
             
         Returns:
             点位降雨量信息
         """
-        # 获取站点数据（自动查询前12小时数据）
-        stations_data = self.get_stations_data(query_time)
+        # 获取站点数据（自动查询前12小时或24小时数据）
+        stations_data = self.get_stations_data(query_time, duration)
         
         if not stations_data:
             return None
@@ -358,24 +552,54 @@ class RainfallService:
             "longitude": longitude,
             "latitude": latitude,
             "rainfall": round(float(rainfall_value), 2),
-            "level": self._get_rainfall_level(rainfall_value),
-            "color": InterpolationService.get_rainfall_color(rainfall_value),
+            "level": self._get_rainfall_level(rainfall_value, duration),
+            "color": InterpolationService.get_rainfall_color(rainfall_value, duration),
             "station_count": len(stations_data),
-            "query_time": query_time.isoformat()
+            "query_time": query_time.isoformat(),
+            "duration": duration
         }
     
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_rainfall_level(rainfall: float) -> str:
-        """获取降雨等级"""
+    def _get_rainfall_level(rainfall: float, duration: int = 12) -> str:
+        """
+        获取降雨等级（按照国标）
+        
+        Args:
+            rainfall: 降雨量(mm)
+            duration: 持续时间（12或24小时）
+            
+        Returns:
+            降雨等级字符串
+        """
+        if duration == 12:
+            # 12小时降雨等级标准
             if rainfall < 0.1:
-            return "无雨"
-        elif rainfall < 10:
+                return "微量降雨"
+            elif rainfall < 5.0:
                 return "小雨"
-        elif rainfall < 25:
+            elif rainfall < 15.0:
                 return "中雨"
-        elif rainfall < 50:
+            elif rainfall < 30.0:
                 return "大雨"
-        elif rainfall < 100:
+            elif rainfall < 70.0:
                 return "暴雨"
-        else:
+            elif rainfall < 140.0:
                 return "大暴雨"
+            else:
+                return "特大暴雨"
+        else:  # 24小时
+            # 24小时降雨等级标准
+            if rainfall < 0.1:
+                return "微量降雨"
+            elif rainfall < 10.0:
+                return "小雨"
+            elif rainfall < 25.0:
+                return "中雨"
+            elif rainfall < 50.0:
+                return "大雨"
+            elif rainfall < 100.0:
+                return "暴雨"
+            elif rainfall < 250.0:
+                return "大暴雨"
+            else:
+                return "特大暴雨"